![]() Food safety challenges vary considerably across markets and across products. In particular, a shift in food safety philosophy towards the introduction of risk-based preventive controls on farms appears to pose a threat to smallholder farmers by creating new requirements for knowledge about food safety, additional investment in equipment and food safety systems, and more intensive linkages between producers and the buyers of their products. Nevertheless, food safety crises and changing food safety requirements are widely considered as potentially limiting the opportunities for smallholder farmers to enter these expanding markets. Transformations in the domestic markets of developing countries are also changing the composition of food consumed and opening up opportunities there. ![]() Relevant strategies such as promotion and motivational models on health education and food safety campaigns will increase awareness and knowledge on food contaminants.Ĭurrent transformations in food consumption and food trade have allowed greatly increased food exports from developing countries and also shifted the composition of exports towards high-value foods that offer better opportunities for smallholder farmers to improve their livelihoods. The results strongly emphasized the need for continuous hygiene improvement and training programs by the stakeholders of peanut-based products. Results of the logistic regression analysis showed that four significant variables namely hygiene and training programs, storage, knowledge about aflatoxins, and quality assurance certification were the most influential factors influencing hygiene practices towards minimizing aflatoxins contamination in peanut-based products. However, the result for attitude level towards minimizing aflatoxins contamination was found to be not significantly difference amongst stakeholder groups. Based on the one-way ANOVA results, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in knowledge and practices among the four different stakeholder groups. The results revealed that the stakeholders have adequate knowledge, favorable attitude, and high hygiene practices towards aflatoxins contamination in peanut-based products with mean scores of 2.54, 4.27, and 2.61, respectively. Statistical analyses including descriptive analysis, mean ranking analysis, one-way ANOVA and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data. ![]() Using stratified random sampling responses were obtained from a total of 109 stakeholders of peanut-based products companies consisting of importers, small and large-scale manufacturers, and retailers located in Peninsular Malaysia. The aims of this study were to identify the differences in terms of knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of aflatoxins contamination amongst stakeholders of peanut-based products and to determine factors that mostly influence stakeholders' hygienic practices in peanut-based products.
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